Number of Identified Terrestrial Fauna Species in Indonesia, 2022

The results of the Low Carbon Development Indonesia (LCDI) study reveal that 89,101 animal species have been recorded in Indonesia up to 2022.

According to the LCDI, this number is dominated by vertebrate species, including Aves (birds), freshwater fish, reptiles, mammals, and amphibians.

Specifically for terrestrial fauna, the LCDI found various types identified since 2022, ranging from insects and arachnids to nematodes.

The following is a detailed breakdown of the data compiled by the LCDI from the National Report (2019) and the National Research and Innovation Agency/BRIN (2022 & 2024):

• Insects: 66,361 species (11.23% of the world's proportion)
• Arachnida: 2,096 species (3.66% of the world's proportion)
• Aves: 1,883 species (16.97% of the world's proportion)
• Mollusks: 1,851 species (4.15% of the world's proportion)
• Springtails: 1,500 species (25% of the world's proportion)
• Freshwater fish: 1,246 species (8.90% of the world's proportion)
• Reptiles: 790 species (8.70% of the world's proportion)
• Mammals: 786 species (14.51% of the world's proportion)
• Acari: 590 species (data on the world's proportion unavailable)
• Amphibians: 403 species (6.26% of the world's proportion)
• Crustaceans: 317 species (data on the world's proportion unavailable)
• Nematodes: 154 species (data on the world's proportion unavailable)

As a note, The LCDI still needs to validate the specific freshwater fish data.

The LCDI added that new species are added every year. Between 2017 and 2022, for example, several new terrestrial fauna species were discovered.

These new species include Parosphromenus juelinae in Bangka, Landouria menorehensis in the Menoreh Mountains of Central Java, and Cyrtodactylus papeda on Obi Island, South Halmahera.

Others include Megophyris kalimantanensis from the Meratus Mountains of Kalimantan and the northern mountains of Borneo, Malaysia; Myzomela irianawidodoae from Rote Island, East Nusa Tenggara; and Paucidentomys vermidex, a toothless rat, from Mount Latimojong and Mount Gandang Dewata in West Sulawesi.

"Through the development of biosystematic studies, Indonesia's faunal wealth has the potential to increase through biodiversity exploration activities and the discovery of new species," stated the LCDI in the Indonesia Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2025-2045.

(Read: Number of Endangered Indonesian Wildlife and Plant Species, 2023)