Number of Endangered Indonesian Wildlife and Plant Species, 2023

According to a study by Low Carbon Development Indonesia (LCDI), in 2022 Indonesia ranked second among megabiodiversity countries globally based on its biodiversity potential.

Indonesia's Global Biodiversity Index (GBI) score then reached 418.78 points. However, Indonesia also faces threats of species extinction.

According to LCDI—an institution initiated by the Ministry of National Development Planning/National Development Planning Agency—the potential risk of extinction in Indonesia, based on the Red List Index, is increasing.

The indicator is Indonesia's index value in 2020, which was 0.75 points, lower than the first value calculated in 1993, which was 0.85 points.

“This decrease is based on species groups determined by the threat categories of The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species,” stated LCDI in its report.

LCDI research, sourced from the IUCN, reveals that in 2023, 15,336 species in Indonesia were listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Of this total, 1,274 wildlife species, 1,074 plant species, and 2 macro-fungi are listed in the endangered category. The following are the risks of species extinction in Indonesia in 2023, based on the LCDI study:

Wildlife

• Vulnerable: 691 species
• Endangered: 380 species
• Critically Endangered: 200 species
• Extinct in the Wild: 3 species

Plants

• Vulnerable: 464 species
• Endangered: 392 species
• Critically Endangered: 214 species
• Extinct in the Wild: 3 species
• Extinct: 1 species

Macro Fungi

• Endangered: 1 species
• Critically Endangered: 1 species