According to a Kompas Research and Development (Litbang Kompas) poll, Indonesian women face various obstacles in the political arena.
The majority of respondents, or 29.4%, cited the main challenge as a culture that is not yet accustomed to women's political roles.
"The patriarchal culture that positions men as the primary holders of power in various aspects of life is still deeply rooted in society," wrote the Litbang Kompas team in their report on Monday, April 21, 2025.
Furthermore, 20.6% of respondents felt there was discrimination against women in politics, and 17.6% believed women were considered less competitive than men.
Other obstacles included high political costs (10.8%); inconsistent regulations regarding women's involvement in politics (7.5%); female representation being considered a burden by political parties (6.2%); and transactional politics in elections (3.5%).
"Women's representation in politics is crucial for making positive contributions to the formulation of gender-based public policies," wrote the Litbang Kompas team.
This survey involved 535 respondents from 38 provinces, randomly selected according to the population proportion in each province.
Data collection was conducted from March 17-20, 2025, through telephone interviews. The survey's margin of error is approximately 4.25% with a 95% confidence level, under conditions of simple random sampling.