Criminal Article on the Arrest of Political Prisoners during a Demonstration in Indonesia, August 2025.

Various elements of civil society, incorporated in the Fact-finding Commission (KPF), conducted independent investigations and open source intelligence (OSINT) related to the August 2025 demonstration events.

In its report, KPF included a series of findings, including the number of political prisoners or detainees, following the protest based on data from the Youth Movement Against Criminalization (GMLK).

As of February 14, 2026, GMLK recorded 703 detainees undergoing legal proceedings, with 506 people found guilty, or 71.98% of the total.

As for KPF, it collected 23 types of legal articles used by law enforcement officers in prosecuting demonstrators, students, citizens, and those who became detainees.

Of the 23 types of articles, the most frequently used was Article 170 of the Criminal Code (KUHP) related to mobbing in public with a total of 348 cases.

The detainees were also charged with articles in the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE), Emergency Law, Child Protection Law (PA), and the Law on the National Flag, Language, and Emblem, as well as the National Anthem.

Here are the details of the number of criminal charges used to prosecute protesters in the August 2025 demonstrations, according to KPF data as of February 14, 2026:

• 170 Criminal Code (mobbing in public): 348
• 363 Criminal Code (theft with aggravating circumstances): 166
• 212 Criminal Code (resisting [own] authorities): 147
• 214 Criminal Code (resisting [jointly] authorities): 123
• 406 Criminal Code (damaging others' property): 108
• 187 Criminal Code (arson and explosions): 54
• 160 Criminal Code (incitement in public): 53
• 28 (2) ITE Law (hate speech in the digital realm): 32
• 1 (1) Emergency Law (possession of weapons): 27
• 213 Criminal Code (violence against authorities): 22
• 28 (3) ITE Law (hoaxes causing riots): 17
• 218 Criminal Code (insulting the president): 15
• 216 Criminal Code (resisting authorities): 10
• 362 Criminal Code (ordinary theft): 7
• 211 Criminal Code (coercing officials): 7
• 480 Criminal Code (profiting from stolen goods): 7
• 76 PA Law (endangering children in actions): 6
• 161 Criminal Code (broadcasting incitement): 5
• 32 ITE Law (damaging electronic information): 4
• 351 Criminal Code (ordinary harassment): 4
• 24 Flag Law (damaging the red-white flag): 2
• 118 Criminal Code (attacking the head of state): 2
• 338 Criminal Code (taking another person's life): 1

KPF conducted an independent investigation and OSINT over five months on 115 interrogation reports (BAPs) and more than 63 informants and witnesses.

In addition, it conducted research on legal documents, digital forensics, photos of the incidents, and analyzed the events from various perspectives in 18 cities, 8 provinces, and covering 4 countries.