Between 2000 and 2019, Indonesia generated between 23 and 48 million tons of food waste annually.
This figure combines food loss (food wasted during production, post-harvest/storage, and processing/packaging) and food waste (food wasted during distribution/marketing and consumption leftovers).
This significant amount of food waste is recorded in the *Report on the Study of Food Loss and Waste in Indonesia* (2021), a collaborative research project between the Ministry of National Development Planning/Bappenas, Waste4Change, and the World Resources Institute.
Economically, the value of all food wasted in Indonesia during the 2000-2019 period ranged from Rp 213 trillion to Rp 551 trillion per year.
Bappenas states that this economic loss from wasted food equates to 4% to 5% of Indonesia's total gross domestic product (GDP) per year.
Further breakdown by supply chain stage reveals that the largest economic loss originates from food waste.
Bappenas estimates the economic loss at the food loss stage (food wasted during production, post-harvest/storage, and processing/packaging) to be approximately Rp 106 trillion to Rp 205 trillion per year.
Meanwhile, the economic loss at the food waste stage (food wasted during distribution/marketing and consumption leftovers) ranges from Rp 107 trillion to Rp 346 trillion per year.
Bappenas obtained these figures by multiplying the volume of food waste at each supply chain stage by the price of the wasted food commodities.
However, due to data limitations, Bappenas only calculated the prices of 88 commodities at the food loss stage and 64 commodities at the food waste stage, while the total number of national food commodities reaches 146.
"Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a potential for even greater economic losses than those calculated in this study," stated the Bappenas team in their report.