According to Climate Watch data, Indonesia produced 1.48 gigatons of carbon dioxide equivalent (Gt CO2e) in greenhouse gas emissions throughout 2020.
This figure represents 3.1% of total global emissions in 2020, making Indonesia the world's sixth-largest emitter of greenhouse gases, after China, the United States, India, the European Union, and Russia.
In 2020, the majority, or 44%, of Indonesia's greenhouse gas emissions originated from the energy sector, with a volume of 650.05 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (Mt CO2e).
Then, 34% came from land use/forestry (499.34 Mt CO2e), 10% from agriculture (154.3 Mt CO2e), 9.4% from waste (138.21 Mt CO2e), and 2.3% from industrial processes (33.92 Mt CO2e).
Cumulatively, Indonesia's greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 decreased by 22% compared to 2019.
However, this reduction occurred due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which triggered restrictions on industrial activities and public mobility in various regions of the archipelago.
A similar trend occurred globally. "Reduced oil use in the transport sector contributed more than 50% of the total decline in global emissions in 2020," said the International Energy Agency (IEA) in its report *CO2 Emissions in 2020*.
However, according to the latest IEA data, in the past two years, emissions from the energy sector and global industrial activities have increased again, along with the easing of the pandemic.
"Carbon dioxide emissions from energy combustion and global industrial processes increased in 2022, reaching a new all-time high," said the IEA in its report *CO2 Emissions in 2022*.
As of mid-September 2023, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK) has not yet published the latest national greenhouse gas emission data for the 2020-2022 period.