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Indonesia's Liberal Democracy Weakened in 2025, Lowest in a Decade

Adi Ahdiat 30/03/2026 15:46 WIB

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The liberal democracy in Indonesia has weakened in recent years, reaching a new low in 2025.

The Liberal Democracy Index in Indonesia according to the V-Dem Institute (2016-2025)

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The Liberal Democracy Index in Indonesia according to the V-Dem Institute (2016-2025)

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The liberal democracy in Indonesia has weakened in recent years, reaching a new low in 2025.

This is evident from the V-Dem Institute's research report titled "Democracy Report 2026: Unraveling The Democratic Era?" (March 2026).

The V-Dem Institute assesses democratic practices in various countries based on the principles of "liberal democracy", which include:

Equality before the law;
Constitutional protection of civil liberties;
Protection of individual and minority group rights from state tyranny and majority groups;
Strong rule of law;
Independent judiciary;
Effective check and balances; and
Restrictions on government power.

The results are then processed into a score on a scale of 0-1 points. The higher the score, the better the practice of liberal democracy in a country is rated.

In 2016, Indonesia's liberal democracy index score was still in the range of 0.5 points. However, the score gradually declined to 0.3 points in 2025, the lowest in the last decade.

"While small states like Fiji and Timor-Leste are improving, larger countries such as Indonesia and The Philippines are becoming less democratic over this period," said the V-Dem Institute in its report.

According to the V-Dem Institute, Indonesia's democracy has weakened and is moving towards autocracy since the era of President Joko Widodo.

"His coalition included powerful special interest groups from business, conservative Islam, the National Police, and the Indonesian Military (TNI). Under his government, civil liberties declined, legislative and judicial checks weakened, free- and fairness of elections diminished, and the role of the military in civilian affairs increased," said the V-Dem Institute.

"Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo, a retired military officer and minister of defense from 2019 to 2024, won a contested presidential elections in 2024 and is following in the footsteps of Widodo," they said.

Editor : Adi Ahdiat

"Disclosure: This is an AI-generated translation of the original article. We strive for accuracy, but please note that automated translations may contain errors or slight inconsistencies."

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