Workers' rights are a fundamental part of human rights. The Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) states that the fulfillment of these rights should be non-discriminatory.
Citing Ismono's research, BPS explains that civil and political rights relevant to labor law include workers' right to organize, the right to strike, and the right to freedom from workplace discrimination.
Further examples include payment of wages below the stipulated minimum, female workers not receiving menstrual leave or maternity leave, and workers not receiving holiday allowances (THR). These are called normative rights that must be fulfilled by employers and are regulated by law.
Data from the Ministry of Manpower (Kemenaker), processed by BPS in the *2024 Political Statistics* report, shows that exploitation of workers' normative rights persists, including violations of minimum wage, female workers not receiving menstrual or maternity leave, and failure to receive THR.
In 2023, there were 1,975 cases of workers receiving wages below the stipulated minimum or minimum wage. BPS notes that this number decreased compared to the previous year, which had 2,013 cases.
Cases of female workers not receiving maternity leave decreased from 327 in 2022 to 265 cases in 2023.
Meanwhile, cases of workers not receiving THR decreased significantly, from 383 in 2022—the highest in the past four years—to 95 cases in 2023.
"This decrease shows that in 2023, cases of workers not receiving THR were the lowest in the past four years," BPS wrote in the report published on Monday, December 16, 2024.
Although still numerous, violations of these three normative rights show a downward trend each year.
Compared to 2020, there were 3,226 cases of workers receiving wages below the minimum wage. In addition, 370 cases involved female workers not receiving menstrual or maternity leave, and 230 cases involved non-payment of THR.
(See also: Jakarta, Province with the Most Active BPJS Employment Participants in October 2024)