The threat of a global economic recession is intensifying, driven by high inflation rates in many countries, including the United States.
According to a Bloomberg economist survey, Sri Lanka is the most at-risk country in the Asia-Pacific region for experiencing a recession, with an 85% probability. New Zealand follows with a 33% probability.
Indonesia, however, is assessed to have a low probability of recession, at only 3%.
Indonesia's Economic Fundamentals Remain Strong
Indonesia's economic fundamentals remain relatively strong. This is reflected in its inflation rate, which was a manageable 4.35% (year-on-year/yoy) until June 2022, significantly lower than many other countries where inflation has soared above 50%.
Bank Indonesia's (BI) benchmark interest rate (BI7DRR) remains at 3.5% to support economic recovery from the pandemic's impact.
Although the Indonesian Rupiah has depreciated, surpassing the psychological level of Rp15,000 per US dollar, the weakening has been limited and less severe than other countries' currencies.
The domestic economy remains positive, growing at 5.01% (yoy) in Q1 2022.
BI's foreign exchange reserves stood at US$136.4 billion at the end of the first half of 2022. This amount is sufficient to cover imports and government foreign debt payments for the next 6.4 months.
Indonesia's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reached Rp4.51 quadrillion in Q1 2022, with 53.65% supported by household consumption.
This means that more than half of the national economy still originates from consumer spending. This is one of the strengths of the Indonesian economy amidst the growing threat of a global economic recession.
Debt, Trade Balance, and Government Finances Remain Stable
Indonesia's government debt reached Rp7.02 quadrillion by May 2022. While nominally large, the debt-to-GDP ratio remains manageable at 38%, significantly lower than other countries' ratios, which reach 100%.
Indonesia's trade balance with all partner countries from January to May 2022 recorded a surplus of US$24.89 billion. This surplus is mainly supported by Indonesia's position as one of the largest exporters of palm oil and coal.
Similarly, central government spending in the first five months of 2022 recorded a surplus of Rp132 trillion, or 0.74% of GDP.
In general, here is a summary of Indonesia's macroeconomic indicators:
* Inflation (June 2022): 4.35% (yoy)
* Currency Depreciation (July 14, 2022): -5.21% (ytd)
* Economic Growth (Q1 2022): 5.01% (yoy)
* Debt-to-GDP Ratio (May 2022): 38.88%
* Benchmark Interest Rate (June 2022): 3.50%
* Government Debt (May 2022): Rp7 quadrillion
* Indonesia's Foreign Debt (May 2022): US$136.4 billion
* Foreign Exchange Reserves (June 2022): US$136.4 billion
* Foreign Exchange Reserve Capacity (June 2022): 6.4 months of import cover plus foreign debt repayment