According to World Health Organization (WHO) projections, the proportion of the Indonesian population aged 15 and over who smoke or consume tobacco products will reach 38.7% in 2025.
This makes Indonesia the 5th highest country in the world in terms of the proportion of smokers.
The WHO made this projection based on available smoking prevalence data from 165 countries.
The data includes the proportion of the population who smoke or consume various types of tobacco products (cigars, hookah, shisha, heated tobacco, etc.), both smoked and smokeless, both daily and occasionally.
However, this data does not include the proportion of the population who consume non-tobacco e-cigarettes.
The WHO states that tobacco use is a leading cause of non-communicable diseases.
"There is no safe level of tobacco use or exposure to secondhand smoke. All daily and non-daily tobacco users are at risk of experiencing a range of adverse health impacts throughout their lives," said the WHO on its official website.
"Reducing the current prevalence of tobacco use will make a significant contribution to reducing premature deaths from non-communicable diseases," they said.
According to the WHO, smokers are at higher risk of lung cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, hypertension, and osteoporosis.
"Tobacco use also leads to reduced household income and increased healthcare costs," they said.