According to data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), Australia had the world's largest gold reserves in 2022.
In 2022, Australia held recorded gold reserves of 8,400 tons, significantly exceeding other countries as shown in the graph.
The reserve figures in the USGS report represent the volume of resources that can be economically extracted and produced.
Indonesia, meanwhile, had recorded gold reserves of approximately 2,600 tons in 2022. This natural wealth places Indonesia sixth in the list of countries with the largest gold reserves globally.
Besides the countries mentioned above, several other countries are classified as major global gold producers, but their reserve data is unknown: Burkina Faso, Colombia, Sudan, and Tanzania.
The USGS estimates that global gold production in 2022 reached 3,100 tons, a 0.3% increase compared to 2021 (year-on-year/YoY).
In 2022, China was the world's largest gold producer, with a production of 330 tons. Australia, despite having the largest gold reserves, had lower production volume than China, at 320 tons.
According to the USGS, global gold consumption was primarily used for jewelry (47%), and by central banks and institutions (20%).
Some was also used for gold bars (17%), coins and medals (9%), electronics production (6%), and other industrial production (1%).
The USGS recorded an 18% increase in global gold consumption during the January-September 2022 period compared to January-September 2021.
This increase was mainly driven by increased gold purchases by central banks in various countries, jewelry use, and coin and medal production.
Meanwhile, during January-September 2022, the use of gold for electronics production and gold bars decreased.
"Global investment in gold-based trading also declined during that period," stated the USGS in its *Mineral Commodity Summaries 2023* report.