Greenhouse gas emissions in the capital city showed an increasing trend during the 2010-2018 period. This is recorded in the *Greenhouse Gas Emission Profile Inventory Report for DKI Jakarta*, released by the Provincial Environmental Agency (DLH) in 2019.
The report details DKI Jakarta's greenhouse gas emissions from both direct and indirect emissions.
Direct emissions include emissions from the energy sector; Industrial Process And Product Uses (IPPU) or the industrial sector and product use; Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use (AFOLU) or the agriculture, forestry, and other land use sector; and emissions from the waste sector.
Indirect emissions originate from the use of PLN electricity in the Java-Madura-Bali (Jamali) network.
In 2010, DKI Jakarta produced greenhouse gas emissions totaling 38 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), with the following breakdown:
* Energy Sector: 18.9 million tons CO2e
* IPPU Sector: not recorded
* AFOLU Sector: 31 thousand tons CO2e
* Waste Sector: 1.8 million tons CO2e
* Indirect emission (electricity use): 17.4 million tons CO2e
By 2018, DKI Jakarta's greenhouse gas emissions had increased by approximately 51% compared to 2010, resulting in a total emission weight of 57.6 million tons CO2e, with the following breakdown:
* Energy Sector: 27.2 million tons CO2e
* IPPU Sector: not recorded
* AFOLU Sector: 3 thousand tons CO2e
* Waste Sector: 2.2 million tons CO2e
* Indirect emission (electricity use): 29.2 million tons CO2e
This data shows that DKI Jakarta's greenhouse gas emissions primarily originate from electricity use (indirect emission) and the energy sector (direct emission).
"Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from electricity network use are the main contributor to the large amount of GHG emissions in DKI Jakarta. This is consistent with DKI Jakarta, which largely consists of buildings with a higher electricity consumption rate compared to other fuel consumption (biofuel, gas, LPG)," stated the DKI Jakarta Provincial DLH in its report.
"Direct GHG emissions (excluding the energy industry) are the second largest contributor. Direct GHG emissions largely originate from activities in the transportation sector, which heavily uses fossil fuels, as well as the consumption of oil products, LPG, and gas in the manufacturing, residential, and commercial building sectors," explained the DLH.
"The third largest emission source comes from the energy industry sector, which is the power generation system located in the DKI Jakarta region," it continued.