Labor force participation rates in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) are highly diverse.
ASEAN comprises 11 countries: Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Cambodia, Malaysia, Laos, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, and, most recently, Timor Leste.
According to the World Bank, a common characteristic among these 11 countries is that male labor force participation rates are higher than female rates.
Laos exhibits one of the smallest gender gaps. Male participation stands at 78.1% of the total population, compared to 74.8% for women—a difference of nearly 4%.
Vietnam shows another relatively small gap. Male participation is 79.4%, while female participation is 69.6%, a difference of approximately 10%.
In Indonesia, in 2021, the female labor force participation rate was 53.7%, compared to 81.7% for males.
(See also: Women's Participation at the Director Level in 4 ASEAN Countries Remains Low)
The World Bank notes that female labor force participation rates have increased since 1990.
The World Bank defines labor force participation rate as the proportion of the population aged 15 and over who are economically active.
Labor force participation across all countries has been surveyed since 1990. For gender comparisons, the World Bank uses a model from the International Labour Organization (ILO).
The following table shows the percentage of labor force participation by gender in the 11 ASEAN member states:
* Cambodia
* Male: 85.9%
* Female: 74%
* Indonesia
* Male: 81.5%
* Female: 53.7%
* Vietnam
* Male: 79.4%
* Female: 69.6%
* Laos
* Male: 78.1%
* Female: 74.8%
* Malaysia
* Male: 77.6%
* Female: 51.2%
* Thailand
* Male: 75%
* Female: 59%
* Singapore
* Male: 76.8%
* Female: 59.4%
* Brunei Darussalam
* Male: 72.3%
* Female: 54.4%
* Timor Leste
* Male: 72.2%
* Female: 61%
* Myanmar
* Male: 70%
* Female: 41%
* Philippines
* Male: 68.3%
* Female: 43.8%
(See also: Indonesia's Labor Force Participation Rate Continues to Rise Over the Past 3 Years)