Indonesia's Anti-Corruption Behavior Index Falls in 2023

According to the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), Indonesia's Anti-Corruption Behavior Index (IPAK) in 2023 stood at 3.92, down 0.01 points compared to its 2022 level.

The IPAK reflects anti-corruption behavior measured on a scale of 0-5. A higher IPAK score indicates a greater level of public anti-corruption sentiment, and vice versa.

Acting Head of BPS, Amalia Adininggar, stated that this year's IPAK achievement did not meet the target set in the 2023 National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN).

"The 2023 IPAK achievement is still relatively far from the RPJMN target. In 2023, Indonesia's IPAK was targeted to be at a score of 4.09. This year's achievement is 0.17 points below the target," said Amalia in a virtual press conference on Monday (6/11/2023).

Previously, IPAK achievement had increased and shown improvement during the 2020-2022 period. However, the IPAK achievement during that period also failed to meet the target.

The IPAK is based on two dimensions. First, the dimension of perception of anti-corruption behavior in society. The score for this perception dimension reached 3.82 in 2023, up 0.02 points compared to 2022, which scored 3.80.

"This shows that public perception that considers corrupt practices to be unacceptable is increasing," explained Amalia.

Second, the IPAK is measured from the dimension of anti-corruption experience in society. The score for this experience dimension reached 3.96 in 2023, down 0.03 points compared to 2022, which scored 3.99.

According to Amalia, this score decrease indicates an increase in the number of people who have experienced petty corruption. Petty corruption refers to small-scale corruption by public officials interacting with the public.

This year's IPAK is calculated based on the results of the 2023 Anti-Corruption Behavior Survey (SPAK) in 171 selected districts/cities spread across 34 provinces, with a sample of 10,040 households.

The IPAK only measures perceptions related to small-scale corruption or petty corruption, excluding large-scale corruption or grand corruption.

The data collected includes respondents' opinions on corrupt practices in society, as well as respondents' experiences with public services related to bribery, graft/gratuities, extortion, nepotism, and nine anti-corruption values from the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK): honesty, care, independence, discipline, responsibility, hard work, simplicity, courage, and fairness.

(See also: 10 Most Law-Abiding Countries in the World 2023, Is Indonesia Included?)