According to Global Energy Monitor data, throughout 2022, coal-fired power plants (PLTU) worldwide generated approximately 9.88 billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.
This figure only includes emissions from operating PLTUs, excluding those still under construction.
In 2022, China was the largest emitter of CO2 from coal-fired power plants, at approximately 5 billion tons.
Indonesia ranked 6th globally, with 214 million tons of CO2 emissions from coal-fired power plants, on par with South Africa.
Other countries among the largest emitters of CO2 from coal-fired power plants include India, the United States, Japan, Russia, Germany, South Korea, and Poland, with details as shown in the graph.
"Coal-fired power plants are the largest source of CO2 emissions from the energy sector globally," stated the Global Energy Monitor team in their Boom and Bust Coal 2023 report.
"To achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement in limiting global warming to below 1.5 degrees Celsius, reducing the use of coal for power generation is the most important step," they continued.
According to Global Energy Monitor, to meet the Paris Agreement, the group of developed countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) must reduce coal-fired power plant operations with a total capacity reduction of 60 gigawatts (GW) per year until 2030.
Then, the group of non-OECD countries, including Indonesia, cumulatively needs to reduce coal-fired power plant operations by 91 GW per year until 2040.
However, Global Energy Monitor assesses that the implementation of these commitments is far from expectations.
"Although there was a decrease in coal power plant use in several regions in 2022, the world is currently not on track to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement," they said.