Experiences of Corruptive Behavior Reported by the Public in 2022

The Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) conducted the Indonesia Anti-Corruption Behavior Survey (SPAK) in 2022. This survey was to compile the Anti-Corruption Behavior Index (IPAK).

One component measured in the IPAK is public experience. This experience includes interactions with public services, election campaigns, recruitment processes for civil servants or private sector employees, school or university admissions, and traffic stops by law enforcement.

The survey revealed that respondents had experienced corrupt behavior in these situations.

First, paying bribes to public service officers reached 15.46% of the total sample in 2022. This figure is down from 17.63% in 2021.

Second, another category of corrupt behavior was being offered money or goods to vote for a specific candidate in regional elections (Pilkada/Pilkades) or general elections, at 11.88%. This is down from 16.7% in 2021.

Third, paying a "settlement" to law enforcement officers after a traffic violation reached 4.27%. This figure increased from 3.8% in 2021. The remaining data is detailed in the graph above and the points below.

Indonesia's IPAK reached 3.93 points in 2022, on a scale of 0 to 5. This is higher than the 2021 figure of 3.88 points.

An index value closer to 5 indicates a more anti-corruption behavior among the public, while a value closer to 0 indicates a more permissive attitude towards corruption.

BPS notes that higher education levels tend to correlate with more anti-corruption behavior. In 2022, the IPAK for those with basic education (primary school and below) was 3.87; for those with secondary education (junior and senior high school) it was 3.94; and for those with higher education (above senior high school) it was 4.04.

The following are the public's experiences related to corrupt behavior or offers in 2022:

• Paying bribes to officers for access to public services, either directly or through intermediaries: 15.46% of the total sample

Other categories of corrupt behavior:

• Offered money or goods to vote for a candidate: 11.88%


• Offered a "settlement" payment after a traffic ticket: 4.27%


• Requested to include family or relatives to become employees or officials: 1.71%


• Offered a guarantee of employment for family or relatives as employees or officials: 1.31%


• Offered a guarantee of acceptance for family or relatives in student or university admissions: 0.9%

(See also: Urban Residents More Anti-Corruption Than Rural Residents)