Jakarta is the center of national economic, political, and cultural activities, attracting many migrants from diverse ethnic, religious, racial, educational, and socioeconomic backgrounds.
On the one hand, this drives rapid economic growth in Jakarta. However, on the other hand, it can also increase the potential for conflict or social vulnerability.
Statistics Indonesia (BPS) compiles the Social Vulnerability Index (IPKS) to provide an overview of the level of social vulnerability in Jakarta Province.
The capital's IPKS value increased from 16.25 in 2019 to 18.98 in 2020. This indicates that the social vulnerability conditions in Jakarta in 2020 worsened compared to the previous year.
The IPKS has five contributing indicators. Firstly, the Poverty Vulnerability Index (IKM).
A higher poverty rate is assumed to correlate with a higher potential for conflict in that area. However, the Jakarta IKM remained unchanged between 2019 and 2020 due to the unavailability of necessary data for calculation in 2020.
Secondly, the Environmental and Health Vulnerability Index (IKLK). Throughout 2019-2020, Jakarta's IKLK increased from 11.68 to 12.92. This means that environmental and health conditions in Jakarta worsened in 2020, coinciding with the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Thirdly, the Social Capital Vulnerability Index (IKMS). In 2020, this index rose to 37.02 compared to 35.55 the previous year. This indicates an increase in strained relationships between residents in the capital.
Fourthly, the Security Vulnerability Index (IKA). In 2020, this index reached 15.92, up from 13.72 in 2019. This reflects an increase in criminal acts and brawls in Jakarta.
Finally, the Physical Infrastructure Vulnerability Index (IKPF). Throughout 2019-2020, Jakarta's IKPF increased from 6.06 to 16.10. This indicates a deterioration in infrastructure conditions, partly evidenced by the increasing frequency of floods in the capital.
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