Based on data from the Financial Services Authority (OJK), financing disbursement from Islamic commercial banks and Islamic business units in Indonesia continues to strengthen.
Islamic commercial banks are banks operating based on Islamic principles.
Meanwhile, Islamic business units are working units of conventional commercial banks that specifically conduct banking operations based on sharia (Islamic law).
There are several types of sharia financing contracts, namely *mudharabah*, *musyarakah*, *murabahah*, *qardh*, and *ishtishna'*.
*Mudharabah* is a financing/investment agreement from the fund owner (*shahibul maal*) to the fund manager (*mudharib*) to conduct specific sharia-compliant business activities, with profit sharing between both parties based on a pre-agreed ratio.
*Musyarakah* is a financing/investment agreement from two or more fund and/or asset owners to conduct a specific sharia-compliant business, with profit sharing between both parties based on an agreed ratio, while loss sharing is based on the proportion of each party's capital.
*Murabahah* is a financing agreement in the form of a commodity sale and purchase transaction at a price equal to the acquisition cost of the goods plus an agreed margin, where the seller informs the buyer of the acquisition cost beforehand.
*Qardh* is a financing agreement in the form of a loan transaction without interest, with the borrower obligated to repay the principal loan in full or in installments within a specified period.
Then, *ishtishna'* is a financing agreement in the form of a goods sale and purchase transaction in the form of an order for the manufacture of goods, with specific criteria and requirements and payment according to agreement.
According to OJK data, the total value of financing for all these contract types in Indonesia reached Rp507.1 trillion in April 2023, growing by 18.5% year-on-year (yoy).
The value of non-performing financing in April 2023 reached Rp11.7 trillion, or 2.3% of total financing.