Distribution of Identified Terrestrial Flora and Fauna Species in Indonesia, 2022

The Indonesian government has recorded 31,902 identified flora species, 81,260 terrestrial fauna species, and 7,841 marine fauna species in Indonesia as of 2022.

These species are distributed across Indonesia's various ecoregions, each possessing a unique flora and fauna composition.

An ecoregion is a geographically defined area characterized by similar climate, soil, water, native flora and fauna, and patterns of human-nature interaction, reflecting the integrity of the natural system and environment.

"Java has the highest recorded number of flora species (12,759) compared to other ecoregions, due to the long history of research conducted in this ecoregion," the government stated in its report.

The data is included in the report *Indonesia's Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2025-2045*, published by the Ministry of National Development Planning/National Development Planning Agency and also publicized by Low Carbon Development Indonesia (LCDI), an institution established by the ministry.

"Meanwhile, the highest number of fauna species is found in Kalimantan (7,990)," the government stated. A complete distribution data can be seen in the table above.

According to the government, this number is expected to increase with ongoing biodiversity surveys at the species level across all Indonesian ecoregions.

For example, between 2017 and 2021, researchers discovered 39 new flora species and 681 previously unrecorded flora species across Indonesian ecoregions.

Furthermore, there were 677 new records of Indonesian fauna, including 246 newly discovered fauna species in Papua between 2017 and 2022. Therefore, the government states that the potential for discovering new species remains high, particularly in eastern Indonesian ecoregions.

"Indonesia also boasts high biodiversity in its marine waters, owing to its vast ocean area, its location within the Coral Triangle Area, and its status as the heart of the world's coral reefs," the government stated.

(Read: Number of Identified Terrestrial Fauna Species in Indonesia, 2022)