Indonesia, Developing Country with the Largest Increase in Fossil Fuel Capacity in 2024

In the last decade, the capacity of new and renewable energy (NRE) power plants in emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) has continued to increase.

However, power plants based on fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, still dominate.

"Although renewable energy has attracted significant new investment, fossil fuel capacity continues to grow in developing countries, driven by energy security concerns and rising electricity demand," BloombergNEF stated in its Climatescope 2025 report.

"Fossil fuels still account for about 58% of the total installed power generation capacity in developing countries, and their production continues to increase in absolute terms," they added.

BloombergNEF found that global fossil fuel power generation capacity in developing countries increased by approximately 27 gigawatts (GW) in 2024.

The largest increase came from Indonesia, whose fossil fuel power generation capacity grew by 8.9 GW.

"Indonesia alone accounts for almost one-third of all new fossil fuel power plant installations in developing countries," BloombergNEF said.

"The majority of this comes from coal and gas projects, to meet rising demand in the country's mining and metals sectors," it continued.

Other developing countries with significant additions to fossil fuel capacity in 2024 include India, Uzbekistan, Taiwan, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Qatar, Morocco, the United Arab Emirates, and Kuwait.

Meanwhile, other developing countries cumulatively added only 1.3 GW of fossil fuel capacity in 2024, as shown in the chart.