This shows the Proportion of Circular Workers Across Indonesian Provinces.

According to a report by the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), 2.3% of Indonesian workers in 2023 were classified as circular workers.

Circular workers are those who regularly commute to work and return to their place of residence in more than one day but less than one week, or regularly return to their place of residence for more than one week without intending to settle in the destination (such as seasonal workers), as well as workers whose workplaces constantly move across administrative district/city boundaries.

In 2023, West Java had the highest percentage of circular workers, at 27.5% of the total workforce in the region.

Next were Central Java with 21.5% and East Java with 12.6% of circular workers.

The BPS stated that this data reflects the dominance of Java Island as the economic and industrial center of Indonesia.

"These provinces have a significant percentage in sending circular workers to various regions, which can be linked to the economic potential and job opportunities available in those areas," wrote the BPS in its report, *Analysis of Labor Mobility from the 2023 Sakernas*.

The lowest proportion of circular workers was found in Papua, West Papua, North Maluku, Maluku, West Sulawesi, Gorontalo, North Kalimantan, and Bangka Belitung.

"Factors such as limited infrastructure, transportation, and distance from major economic centers can affect the level of circular worker migration in these regions," wrote the BPS.

Here is a complete list of the proportion of circular workers in all Indonesian provinces in 2023, sorted from highest to lowest:

1. West Java: 27.5%
2. Central Java: 21.5%
3. East Java: 12.6%
4. Banten: 6.4%
5. North Sumatra: 3.6%
6. South Sulawesi: 2.8%
7. South Sumatra: 2.3%
8. Jakarta: 1.9%
9. West Sumatra: 1.7%
10. Lampung: 1.7%
11. South Kalimantan: 1.5%
12. Bali: 1.4%
13. West Nusa Tenggara: 1.4%
14. Yogyakarta: 1.3%
15. North Sulawesi: 1.3%
16. West Kalimantan: 1.2%
17. Southeast Sulawesi: 1.1%
18. Aceh: 1%
19. Riau: 0.9%
20. Jambi: 0.8%
21. East Kalimantan: 0.8%
22. Bengkulu: 0.7%
23. East Nusa Tenggara: 0.7%
24. Central Kalimantan: 0.6%
25. Central Sulawesi: 0.6%
26. Riau Islands: 0.4%
27. Bangka Belitung: 0.3%
28. North Kalimantan: 0.3%
29. Gorontalo: 0.3%
30. West Sulawesi: 0.3%
31. Maluku: 0.3%
32. North Maluku: 0.3%
33. West Papua: 0.3%
34. Papua: 0.2%

Note: The data for West Papua includes West Papua Daya. The data for Papua includes South Papua, Central Papua, and Highland Papua.