Fluctuations in Indonesia's PM2.5 Pollutant Levels Over the Last Three Decades

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Erlina Fury Santika 15/07/2024 18:06 WIB

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The SOGA report compiles the volume of PM2.5 pollutants in Indonesia over the last three decades. On average, it falls into the moderate level.

Average Annual PM2.5 Volume Calculated Based on Population (1990-2020)

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Fluctuations in Indonesia's PM2.5 Pollutant Levels Over the Last Three Decades

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Average Annual PM2.5 Volume Calculated Based on Population (1990-2020)

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The 2024 State of Global Air report, compiled by the Health Effects Institute (HEI), compiles trends in levels of 2.5-micron particulate matter pollutants, or PM2.5.

The average figures obtained also take into account the country's population. In 1990, the average volume of PM2.5 pollutants in Indonesia reached 29.8 micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m³).

This figure has generally decreased each year. In 2000, the average PM2.5 in Indonesia reached 26.2 µg/m³. Then, in 2011, the average PM2.5 in Indonesia dropped to 17.9 µg/m³.

However, after 2011, Indonesia's PM2.5 levels fluctuated, as shown in the graph. In 2017, the average volume reached 17 µg/m³, the lowest in three decades.

The latest data from 2020 shows the average level of these pollutants decreased to 17.9 µg/m³.

Note that this figure represents the national average. Some areas have been monitored to have PM2.5 levels that are unhealthy, while others remain healthy.

(Also read: Air Quality in East Java on Monday Afternoon is the Worst in Indonesia)

The following are the healthy PM2.5 threshold levels:

* Good: 0–15 µg/m³.
* Moderate: 16–65 µg/m³.
* Unhealthy: 66–50 µg/m³. *(Note: There appears to be a typo in the original text. This range overlaps with the "Moderate" range. It should likely be a higher range, perhaps 66-150 µg/m³)*
* Very Unhealthy: 151–250 µg/m³.

According to IQAir, these small PM2.5 particles can settle deep within the respiratory tract. "PM2.5 is also able to enter the circulatory system and even the brain," writes IQAir on its website, quoted on Monday (July 15, 2024).

Short-term symptoms of high particulate matter exposure include throat and respiratory tract irritation, coughing, and difficulty breathing. More serious, long-term complications can include:

* Heart and lung disease
* Bronchitis
* Emphysema
* Nonfatal heart attacks
* Irregular heartbeat
* Asthma and more intense flare-ups
* Decreased lung function
* Premature death.

(Also read: Deaths Due to PM2.5 Pollutants in Indonesia Have Been Increasing Since 1990)

Editor : Erlina Fury Santika

"Disclosure: This is an AI-generated translation of the original article. We strive for accuracy, but please note that automated translations may contain errors or slight inconsistencies."

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Fluctuations in Indonesia's PM2.5 Pollutant Levels Over the Last Three Decades

Fluctuations in Indonesia's PM2.5 Pollutant Levels Over the Last Three Decades

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Fluctuations in Indonesia's PM2.5 Pollutant Levels Over the Last Three Decades

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