The majority of Muara Enim Regency's population in 2024 will be of working age.

In 2024, the majority of the population of Muara Enim Regency was in the productive age group (15-59 years old), totaling 419,000 or 64.94% of the total population. Children (0-14 years old) and the elderly (over 60 years old) comprised 25.07% and 9.99%, respectively.

The population of Muara Enim Regency was recorded at 645,250 as of 2024. The population has increased steadily over the past three years. Compared to the previous five years, the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) was lower. The five-year growth rate was recorded at 0.24%.

In terms of nominal population compared to other regions in South Sumatra Province, this regency/city ranks sixth. When grouped by island, it ranks 24th.

The following is the population by age group in Muara Enim Regency as of June 2024, sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) publication:

* Age 0-4 years: 40,900 (6.34%)
* Age 5-9 years: 58,890 (9.13%)
* Age 10-14 years: 62,000 (9.61%)
* Age 15-19 years: 49,710 (7.7%)

* Age 20-24 years: 55,750 (8.64%)
* Age 25-29 years: 50,310 (7.8%)
* Age 30-34 years: 48,050 (7.45%)
* Age 35-39 years: 52,460 (8.13%)
* Age 40-44 years: 50,010 (7.75%)
* Age 45-49 years: 44,950 (6.97%)
* Age 50-54 years: 36,800 (5.7%)
* Age 55-59 years: 30,960 (4.8%)
* Age 60-64 years: 24,540 (3.8%)
* Age 65-69 years: 17,400 (2.7%)
* Age 70-74 years: 11,200 (1.74%)
* Age 75 years and over: 11,320 (1.75%)