Global warming can melt ice sheets on land and in the oceans, leading to rising sea levels.
This is recorded in the research report *Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report* from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
According to the IPCC, global mean sea level rose by 0.2 meters during the period 1901-2018.
Furthermore, if the average global temperature rises by 1.5 degrees Celsius (°C) compared to the pre-industrial era (1850-1900), sea levels are projected to rise by an additional 0.28-0.55 meters by 2100.
The rate of increase could be higher if global warming worsens.
If the global temperature rises by 2 °C, sea levels could rise by 0.33-0.61 meters. And if the global temperature rises by 3 °C, the rise could reach 0.44-0.76 meters by 2100.
The IPCC estimates that global warming between 2-3 °C could melt almost all of the ice in Greenland and West Antarctica—regions with the largest ice sheets in the world.
Under these conditions, the ice sheets are predicted to be irretrievable for thousands of years, and the meltwater will significantly raise sea levels.
According to the IPCC, this phenomenon could submerge coastal ecosystems, cause salinization of groundwater, and lead to damaging tidal flooding in coastal areas.
They note that by 2020, some communities worldwide were already experiencing the impacts of rising sea levels, including Asia (63.8 million people), Africa (2.4 million people), Central and South America (690,000 people), Europe (670,000 people), North America (340,000 people), and Australasia (20,000 people).
"Responses to ongoing sea level rise include protection, accommodation, and planned relocation," the IPCC wrote in its report.
"Large, rapid, and sustained reductions in greenhouse gas emissions could limit the acceleration of sea level rise," it continued.