Ministry of Environment and Forestry: Indonesia's Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reached 1637 Gigatonnes of CO2e in 2018

The Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK), in its National Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory and Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV), recorded GHG emission levels in 2018 reaching 1637.16 Gigatons of carbon dioxide equivalent (Gg CO2e). Meanwhile, the GHG emission level according to the 2010-2030 modeling (Business as Usual/BaU) in 2018 was 1863 Gg CO2e.

This means that the GHG emission value, calculated from the BaU emission level minus the KLHK inventory emission level, in 2018 was 226 Gg CO2e or 12.3% of the BaU GHG emission level. This reduction is still below the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) target of 23.9% in 2018.

The forestry (FOLU) and forest fire (Peat Fire) sectors were the largest contributors to GHG emissions in 2018, reaching 723.51 Gg CO2e or 44% of the total. This was followed by industry with emissions of 595.67 Gg CO2e (36%), agriculture 131.64 Gg CO2e (8.04%), waste 127.08 Gg CO2e (7.76%), and industry and product use (IPPU) at 59.26 Gg CO2e (3.62%).

Throughout the period 2010-2018, GHG emissions were quite fluctuating but showed an increasing trend. In 2010, total GHG emissions were only 809.9 Gg CO2e and increased to 1637.16 Gg CO2e in 2018.

GHG emissions reached their peak in 2015, reaching 2374 Gg CO2e due to peatland fires. GHG emissions from peatland fires reached 822.74 Gg CO2e or approximately 34.65% of the total emissions.