Only 11 G20 countries have carbon emission tariff schemes; Indonesia is not among them.

Quoting the *Climate Transparency* Report 2021, only 11 G20 countries have explicit carbon pricing schemes, either through carbon taxes or emission trading systems (ETS). Of these countries, France has the highest average rate.

The average carbon price in France is recorded at US$54 per tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e). France is also the only country that sets a price above the High-Level Commission's threshold for carbon pricing of US$40/tCO2e.

Canada has the second-highest average carbon price at US$32.8/tCO2e. The European Union, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Italy have the same average carbon price of US$32.5/tCO2e.

Although not yet implemented, Indonesia is preparing carbon tax regulations for 2022. The planned minimum carbon price in Indonesia is Rp 30 per kilogram CO2e, or approximately US$2.08/tCO2e.

Prakarsa, a civil society organization focused on community welfare, considers this rate too low. This rate is significantly lower than the rate in Singapore of US$3.71 per tonne CO2e, approximately Rp 56.89 per kilogram CO2e.