Agrarian Conflict Cases in Indonesia to Rise in 2025

According to the report by the Consortium for Agrarian Reform (KPA), throughout 2025 there were at least 341 cases of agrarian conflict in Indonesia, an increase of 15.6% compared to 2024.

These conflicts involved an area of 914.57 thousand hectares (ha) and affected 123,612 families in 428 villages.

“Not only has there been an increase in the number of incidents, but the spread of villages affected by agrarian conflicts has also expanded,” KPA explained in its 2025 Year-End Notes.

In KPA's records, during 2021-2025, agrarian conflicts cases continued to increase every year.

This escalation occurred due to a combination of old agrarian conflicts that have not been resolved, meeting with new agrarian conflicts.

“President Prabowo's policy to strengthen and expand military dominance in food and energy development projects, as well as forest area management, also caused a significant surge in agrarian conflicts in 2025,” KPA stated.

Therefore, KPA stated that no fundamental changes have been made by the government in handling agrarian conflicts, especially during the transition period from Joko Widodo's administration to Prabowo's.

KPA presented its report data from various sources, namely:

• Direct complaints from communities affected by agrarian conflicts;
• Complaints received through the KNPA coalition's agrarian monitoring and emergency response system;
• Results of field investigations and studies;
• Results of agrarian conflict monitoring in national and regional mass media;
• Results of verified social media monitoring; and
• Collaboration with Yayasan Pusaka Bentala Rakyat for data collection in Papua.