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Distribution of Indonesia’s Economic Classes, 2019–2025, According to Mandiri Institute

Erlina Fury Santika 12/02/2026 18:52 WIB

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Processing data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), the Mandiri Institute shared the distribution of economic classes among Indonesian residents throughout 2019-2025. The highest potential ca

The proportion of residents by economic class according to the Mandiri Institute (2019-2025)

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The proportion of residents by economic class according to the Mandiri Institute (2019-2025)

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The results of data processing by the Mandiri Institute from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) show that there are five economic classes of Indonesian residents with varying proportions throughout 2019-2025.

Of these five classes, the aspiring middle class is the largest, with a proportion ranging from 48% to 50% of the total Indonesian population per year.

Here are the details of the proportion of residents by economic class processed by the Mandiri Institute:

Upper class: 0.3%-0.5%
Middle class: 16%-21%
Aspiring middle class: 48%-50%
Vulnerable to poverty: 20%-24%
Poor: 8%-9%.

In 2025, only the middle and poor classes will decrease, by 1.1 million and 1.4 million people respectively.

On the contrary, the group heading towards the middle class has actually increased significantly, by 4.5 million people.

The research team said that the decrease in the number of middle-class residents has been happening for several years, which can also be seen in the graphs.

"This indicates that the pressure on the middle class is still happening," said the Mandiri Institute on its official Instagram account on Friday (6/2/2026).

According to the research team, this is also reflected in the fact that the consumption of the middle class only grew by 4.1%, lower than the growth of national per capita consumption of 4.6%.

The classification of economic classes follows the World Bank’s definition, based on monthly per capita expenditure relative to the poverty line.

This means that class categories are determined not by income, but by how many times a person’s expenditure exceeds the poverty line. The breakdown is as follows:

Poor: < 1x the poverty line
Vulnerable: 1–1.5x the poverty line
Aspiring Middle Class (AMC): 1.5–3.5x the poverty line
Middle Class: 3.5–17x the poverty line
Upper Class: >17x the poverty line.

Editor : Erlina Fury Santika

"Disclosure: This is an AI-generated translation of the original article. We strive for accuracy, but please note that automated translations may contain errors or slight inconsistencies."

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Distribution of Indonesia’s Economic Classes, 2019–2025, According to Mandiri Institute

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