100% of the population in Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir Regency practices Islam.

The Muslim population in Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir Regency as of December 31, 2023, was recorded at 209,090. This figure represents a 7,657 increase compared to the previous year's reported 201,430.

According to data from the Directorate General of Population and Civil Registration (Ditjen Dukcapil) of the Ministry of Home Affairs, the proportion of Muslims in this regency/city reached 100 percent of the total population in 2023, which amounted to 209,770.

Considering the distribution across the districts in South Sumatra, the proportion of Muslims in Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir Regency ranks 14th.

The following is a list of the population of South Sumatra by religion in 2023:
* Islam: 209,087 (99.67%)
* Protestant: 506 (0.24%)
* Catholic: 110 (0.05%)
* Buddhist: 48 (0.02%)
* Hindu: 20 (0.01%)
* Confucian: 0 (0.0%)
* Indigenous Beliefs: 0 (0.0%)

Compared to other regions in South Sumatra, the Muslim population in this regency/city ranks 14th out of 17 regencies/cities in South Sumatra Province.

Other areas with the largest Muslim populations in South Sumatra Province are: Palembang City (1,657,373), Banyuasin Regency (833,934), Ogan Komering Ilir Regency (760,994), Musi Banyuasin Regency (693,281), Ogan Komering Ulu Timur Regency (649,536), Muara Enim Regency (632,396), Ogan Ilir Regency (438,257), Lahat Regency (438,137), Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan Regency (418,232), and Musi Rawas Regency (412,458).