10 Indonesian Provinces with the Lowest Welfare of People's Plantation Farmers

The welfare of plantation farmers in Bali is recorded as the lowest nationally. This is reflected in the Plantation Farmers' Exchange Rate Index (NTPR) in Bali, which is the lowest compared to other provinces.

Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), Bali's NTPR index was at 89.09 in November 2021. This figure is also lower than the 2018 index calculation of 100 and 4,119 basis points (bps) lower than the national NTPR of 130.28.

The next lowest province in terms of plantation farmers' welfare is East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), with an NTPR of 92.41. This is followed by West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) with an NTPR of 93.93, then Central Java with 99.17.

Other provinces with the lowest levels of plantation farmer welfare are Southeast Sulawesi with an NTPR of 99.34, West Java with an NTPR of 100.26, East Java with an NTPR of 100.35, and Riau Islands and West Papua with NTPRs of 105.21 and 105.95 respectively.

An NTPR > 100 indicates that plantation farmers experience a surplus, or that farmer income is greater than expenditure. An NTPR = 100 indicates that farmers break even. An NTPR < 100 indicates that farmers experience losses, or that farmer income is less than expenditure.