Indonesian food consumption quality declined in 2024.

The quality of Indonesian people's food consumption in 2024 decreased compared to the previous year.

This is reflected in the decline of the Desired Food Pattern (PPH) score, released by the National Food Agency (Bapanas) in the report *Directory of National and Provincial Food Consumption Development 2020-2024*.

The PPH score is an indicator for measuring the nutritional quality and diversity of people's food consumption.

Bapanas calculates the PPH score using data from the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), involving a sample of 345,000 households in rural and urban areas.

The PPH score is formulated on a scale of 0-100. The higher the score, the better the quality of people's food consumption is assumed to be, meaning it is more diverse and nutritionally balanced.

Previously, the national PPH score had increased for three consecutive years from 86.3 in 2020 to 94.1 in 2023.

However, in 2024 the score dropped to 93.5 as shown in the graph.

According to Bapanas, the decrease in the PPH score in 2024 was influenced by various factors, including a reduction in national consumption of food energy and protein.

"Several other factors influencing the decrease in the PPH score are the increase in food expenditure share in March 2024 compared to March 2023, indicating a decrease in the level of public welfare," said Bapanas in its report.

"The proportion of the middle class has decreased to the group moving towards the middle class (threatened with poverty), which reduces purchasing power due to rising prices and declining income," it continued.

Bapanas also stated that the decrease in the PPH score in 2024 was also influenced by a shift in people's consumption patterns, from cooking at home to buying ready-made food, which impacts the level of food consumption diversity.