This is a Group of Corruption Actors within State-Owned Enterprises.

According to a report by Indonesia Corruption Watch (ICW), 340 suspects were involved in corruption cases within State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) during the 2016-2021 period.

The largest number of suspects came from the private sector professional/position group, totaling 90 suspects during that period.

Next, there were 83 suspects from the SOE middle management group, and 76 suspects from among SOE employees.

There were also 51 perpetrators of corruption from the SOE president director position group, followed by 40 perpetrators of corruption from various other professions and positions.

Corruption Modus Operandi in SOEs

The most frequently found modus operandi of corruption within SOEs was fictitious reporting. ICW recorded 23 corruption cases using this modus operandi throughout 2016-2021.

Then there were embezzlement, budget misuse, and bribery, each with 18 cases.

Another 16 corruption cases used the fictitious project modus operandi, and 12 cases used the *mark-up* modus operandi.

Given the prevalence of corruption cases within SOEs, ICW recommends that the government strengthen the role of SOE commissioners in overseeing large projects.

ICW points out that the position of SOE commissioner has often been used as a means of repaying the government's "debt of gratitude" to parties who have rendered services in political processes and election victories.

ICW also urges the government to recruit professional, competent, and highly-integrated commissioners to cleanse the culture of corruption in SOE institutions.

(Also Read: Corruption in SOEs Mostly in the Banking Sector, BRI Cases the Highest)