Data Check: Is Indonesia Really Trapped in the Middle-Income Trap?

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Cindy Mutia Annur 22/12/2023 20:14 WIB

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Vice Presidential Candidate number 2, Gibran Rakabuming Raka, stated that Indonesia is in a middle-income trap. However, Gibran's statement aligns with World Bank data on GNI per capita in 2022.

Indonesia's Gross National Income (GNI) per Capita (1969-2022)

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Indonesia's Gross National Income (GNI) per Capita (1969-2022)

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Vice Presidential Candidate number two, Gibran Rakabuming Raka, stated that Indonesia is trapped in the middle-income trap.

He made this statement during the second series of the 2024 Presidential and Vice Presidential Debate themed "People's Economy, Digital Economy, Finance, Investment, Taxes, State Budget/Regional Budget Management, Infrastructure, and Urbanization" at the Jakarta Convention Center on Friday (22/12/2023).

In his vision and mission presentation session, Gibran said, "Indonesia is a large country; we must be able to break free from the middle-income trap," said Gibran.

The middle-income trap is a condition where a country is unable to transition from middle-income to high-income status, according to Linda Glawe in her literature, *The Middle-Income Trap: Definitions, Theories and Countries Concerned*, published on the Cabinet Secretariat website.

Gibran's statement is in line with World Bank data.

According to World Bank data, Indonesia's Gross National Income (GNI) per capita was US$4,580 in 2022, an increase of approximately 9.8% year-on-year (YoY).

This figure places Indonesia on the list of upper-middle-income countries in 2022.

This is based on the new category released by the World Bank; upper-middle-income countries have a GNI per capita of US$4,466-US$13,845. This range is higher than the previous range of US$4,256-US$13,205.

Editor : Erlina Fury Santika

"Disclosure: This is an AI-generated translation of the original article. We strive for accuracy, but please note that automated translations may contain errors or slight inconsistencies."