According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the world's largest coal producer in 2022 was China.
The IEA estimates that China produced 4.2 billion tons of coal in 2022, comprising 3.6 billion tons of thermal coal/lignite and 676 million tons of metallurgical coal.
Thermal coal and lignite are generally used as an energy source for power plants, while metallurgical coal is used as a raw material for steelmaking.
The next largest coal-producing countries were India, Indonesia, the United States, Australia, Russia, and the European Union, with details as shown in the graph.
Overall, the IEA estimates that global coal production in 2022 reached 8.3 billion tons, a 5.4% increase compared to 2021.
"Despite a worsening economic outlook, global coal supply is projected to reach a new record high in 2022. Coal demand increased in response to the surge in natural gas prices," said the IEA in its report, *Coal 2022, Analysis and Forecast to 2025*.
"In 2022, China and India continued to boost their coal production to address supply shortages and offset the decline in Russian coal production following their invasion of Ukraine and sanctions from Western countries," it continued.
Along with the increased production from China and India, the IEA anticipates a decrease in Indonesian coal production in the coming years.
"We project Indonesian coal production to decrease by an average of 2.2% per year due to declining demand from major export destinations, namely China and India," said the IEA.
"Overall, we expect Indonesian coal production to fall to 582 million tons in 2025," the IEA stated.