A recent report from the Global Carbon Project's team of scientists shows that Indonesia is among the top 10 largest carbon emission producers globally.
Indonesia's carbon emissions in 2022 reached 700 million tons per year. This figure represents an 18.3% increase from the previous year, the highest increase among all countries.
According to the report, the increase in Indonesia's emissions is attributed to the use of fossil fuels, particularly coal. Other sources include Indonesia's high rate of land-use change and deforestation.
"Indonesia is still addicted to coal; it's no wonder our emissions are in the world's top 10," said Novita Indri, an energy campaigner at Trend Asia, as quoted in a press release on Tuesday, December 5, 2023.
Novita added that Indonesia's coal production broke a record in early December 2023, reaching 703.14 million tons. This surpasses the coal production target of 694.5 million tons.
"Not to mention considering co-firing wood biomass, which, based on Trend Asia data, could worsen emissions by 155.9 million tons from deforestation of 240,622 hectares (ha) of natural forest," she said.
She added that 43.59% of Indonesia's emissions originate from forests and land, indicating poor forest protection.
Consequently, the impact of climate change experienced in Indonesia will worsen. Yet, according to Novita, Indonesia is highly vulnerable to climate change, which will exacerbate ongoing hydrometeorological disasters.
China was ranked as the world's largest carbon emitter in 2022, with emissions reaching 11.4 billion tons per year. It is followed by the United States, India, and the European Union (EU27).
Here is a list of the top 10 largest carbon-emitting countries in 2022:
1. China: 11.4 billion tons per year
2. United States: 5.1 billion tons per year
3. India: 2.8 billion tons per year
4. EU27: 2.8 billion tons per year
5. Russia: 1.7 billion tons per year
6. Japan: 1.1 billion tons per year
7. Indonesia: 700 million tons per year
8. Iran: 700 million tons per year
9. Saudi Arabia: 700 million tons per year
10. Germany: 700 million tons per year
The Global Carbon Budget report was compiled by over 120 international scientists and has undergone peer review. The scientists state that global action to reduce the use of fossil fuels is not happening quickly enough to prevent dangerous climate change.
According to the report, without efforts to reduce emissions, there is a 50% chance that a 1.5°C increase in temperature above pre-industrial levels will be exceeded within seven years, several years earlier than projected in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report.