The 1997/1998 Indonesian forest fires cost the nation US$2.3 billion.

Research by the Center for International Forestry Research states that the Indonesian forest fires of 1997/1998 were the worst in the world. This research cites calculations from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas) in 1999 regarding the economic impact of the forest fire tragedy, reaching US$2.3 billion in material losses and US$2.6 billion in non-material losses.

The economic impact of the 1997/1998 forest and land fires (karhutla) comprised costs associated with the fires and the resulting haze. Monetary costs related to the fires included timber valued at US$1.5 billion, dead trees at US$287 million, industrial forest plantations (HTI) at US$91 million, and plantations at US$319 million.

Further costs were related to fire suppression at US$12 million and buildings and other property at US$1 million. Non-monetary costs included non-timber forest products (NTFPs) at US$631 million, flood prevention at US$413 million, and erosion at US$1.4 billion.

A second impact relates to costs incurred by the haze. These costs included tourism losses of US$111 million and transportation losses of US$33 million. The non-monetary losses included damage to public health, estimated at US$148 million.

(Read Databoks: [Losses due to 2015 Forest Fires Rp 221 Trillion](https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2016/08/30/kerugian-akibat-kebakaran-hutan-indonesia-2015))