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Countries That Rely Heavily on Coal for Electricity Generation in 2025

Erlina Fury Santika 09/02/2026 12:46 WIB

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According to Ember's data processed by Reuters, there are a number of countries that rely on Indonesian coal supplies for their electricity systems. India is the largest of these countries.

Countries* with the Proportion of Coal Use for Electricity Generation (2025)

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Countries* with the Proportion of Coal Use for Electricity Generation (2025)

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The energy research data from Ember, processed by global energy transition columnist Gavin Maguire, shows that there are a number of countries that rely heavily on coal for their electricity generation mix in 2025.

In his article in Reuters, Maguire lists countries including the largest importers of coal from Indonesia.

India is noted to be the country with the highest coal usage, accounting for 70% of its electricity generation energy mix.

Then there are the Philippines (57%), China (55%), Vietnam (48%), and Malaysia (45%).

Other countries have a proportion of less than 40%, as shown in the attached graph.

According to Maguire, if Indonesia—as a major coal producer—were to cut its coal export quota in the spot market for a long time, it would still be felt even in markets with lower dependence on imports, such as China and India, due to the configuration of coastal power plants.

"A number of large-scale coal-fired power plants in China and India are located near major bulk commodity import ports, so most of their coal supplies come from international suppliers, not from the domestic market," said Maguire in his article on Wednesday (4/2/2026).

According to him, if there is a sustained increase in the international coal market, these power plants could indeed increase their supply from the domestic market, but they would bear higher transportation costs because the distribution would have to switch from bulk shipment to truck and rail transport.

"This means that, although the utility systems in the Philippines and Bangladesh may be the first to respond to Indonesia's export cessation, all coal-fired power plants in Asia will ultimately be affected, as the market takes into account the reduction in volumes from the world's largest coal supplier," wrote Maguire.

Editor : Erlina Fury Santika

"Disclosure: This is an AI-generated translation of the original article. We strive for accuracy, but please note that automated translations may contain errors or slight inconsistencies."

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Countries That Rely Heavily on Coal for Electricity Generation in 2025

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