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The Distribution of Poor, Middle, and Upper Classes Indonesia, 2019-2025

Erlina Fury Santika 25/03/2026 17:18 WIB

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Processing data from the BPS, the Mandiri Institute shared the distribution of economic classes among Indonesian residents throughout 2019-2025. The candidates for the highest middle class.

The Proportion of Indonesian Residents Based on Economic Class According to the Mandiri Institute (2019-2025)

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The Proportion of Indonesian Residents Based on Economic Class According to the Mandiri Institute (2019-2025)

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The results of data processing by the Mandiri Institute from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) show that there are five economic classes of Indonesian residents with varying proportions throughout 2019-2025.

Among these five classes, the aspiring middle class is the largest, with a proportion ranging from 48% to 50% of the total Indonesian population per year.

Here are the details of the proportion of residents by economic class for the years 2019-2025, as processed by the Mandiri Institute:

Upper class: 0.3%-0.5%
Middle class: 16%-21%
Aspiring middle class: 48%-50%
Vulnerable to poverty: 20%-24%
Poor: 8%-9%.

In 2025, only the middle and poor classes decreased, by 1.1 million and 1.4 million people respectively. Conversely, the group aspiring to join the middle class increased significantly, by 4.5 million people.

The research team noted that the decline in the number of middle-class residents has been happening for several years, as can be seen in the graphs.

"This indicates that the pressure on the middle class is still ongoing," said the Mandiri Institute on its official Instagram account on Friday (6/2/2026).

According to the research team, this is also reflected in the fact that middle-class consumption only grew by 4.1%, lower than the national per capita consumption growth of 4.6%.

This division of economic classes follows the World Bank's definition, based on per capita monthly expenditure relative to the poverty line.

This means that the class size is not measured by income, but by how many times a person's expenditure exceeds the poverty line. The details are:

Poor: < 1x poverty line
Vulnerable: 1-1.5x poverty line
Potential middle class (AMC): 1.5-3.5x poverty line
Middle class: 3.5-17x poverty line
Upper class: >17x poverty line.

Editor : Erlina Fury Santika

"Disclosure: This is an AI-generated translation of the original article. We strive for accuracy, but please note that automated translations may contain errors or slight inconsistencies."

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The Distribution of Poor, Middle, and Upper Classes Indonesia, 2019-2025

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