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Many Indonesian "Female Breadwinners" Are Wives in 2024

Erlina Fury Santika 22/12/2025 16:40 WIB

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According to BPS, "female breadwinners" in Indonesia are more commonly wives, with a narrow margin separating them from female household heads. Here are the proportions.

Percentage of Female Breadwinners by Position in the Household (2024)

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Percentage of Female Breadwinners by Position in the Household (2024)

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The report from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) shows that 14.37% of the total workforce in Indonesia are categorized as female breadwinners.

Female breadwinners are women who work and have the most dominant income in the household, or are even the primary earners for their families.

As many as 40.77% of female breadwinners are wives in their households. This proportion is the highest compared to other statuses.

BPS states that this condition aligns with research by Drago et al (2004), which indicates that many female breadwinners have husbands with low-income or unstable jobs.

"On the other hand, female breadwinners in modern households continue to work not only out of necessity but also to ensure family financial stability, invest in children's education, or improve living standards," BPS wrote, citing research from the World Bank in 2019.

Furthermore, 39.82% of female breadwinners are categorized as heads of household.

BPS explained that this finding is also consistent with research by Chant (2003), which states that female breadwinners are often found in female-headed households.

Lower proportions were found for the status of children/in-laws/grandchildren (17.8%) and parents/other relatives/others (1.59%).

In terms of marital status, indeed, more than half (51.36%) of female breadwinners in Indonesia are married. According to BPS, they still have the opportunity for additional income from their husbands' jobs.

"This differs from female breadwinners who are unmarried, divorced, or widowed. These three groups must be more financially independent," BPS stated.

Editor : Erlina Fury Santika

"Disclosure: This is an AI-generated translation of the original article. We strive for accuracy, but please note that automated translations may contain errors or slight inconsistencies."

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