According to the monitoring of the Commission for Missing Persons and Victims of Violence (Kontras), there were 602 violent incidents perpetrated by members of the Indonesian National Police (Polri) between July 2024 and June 2025.
The most frequent type of violence was shooting, with 411 incidents, 37 of which constituted extrajudicial killings.
"This again shows that the use of firearms remains the biggest contributing factor in violent incidents," wrote Kontras in its Kertas Kebijakan Hari Bhayangkara 2025.
According to Kontras, the majority of shooting victims were suspected perpetrators of criminal acts, particularly those suspected of theft or street robbery.
Kontras stated that Article 8 paragraph (2) of the Chief of the Republic of Indonesia National Police (Kapolri) Regulation Number 1 of 2009 stipulates that the use of firearms is a last resort to stop the actions of suspected perpetrators.
However, in many incidents, Kontras assessed that the shootings carried out by Polri members could not be qualified as noodweer (necessary self-defense) or noodweer-excess (excessive self-defense).
"Referring to the cases monitored by Kontras, the perpetrators were incapacitated because they were attempting to flee and resisted arrest, even though the suspects were unarmed," said Kontras.
Besides shootings, some Polri members were also recorded committing assault, arbitrary arrests, and other forms of violence.
The following is a complete list of types of violence committed by Polri members during July 2024-June 2025, based on Kontras's monitoring:
- Shootings: 411 incidents
- Abuse: 81 incidents
- Arbitrary arrests: 72 incidents
- Forced dispersal: 42 incidents
- Torture: 38 incidents
- Intimidation: 24 incidents
- Criminalization: 9 incidents
- Sexual violence: 7 incidents
- Inhuman acts: 4 incidents
Kontras compiled this data from media reports verified by the Indonesian Press Council; case assistance handled by Kontras as a human rights advocacy institution; Kontras's local network; and the Public Information Disclosure as regulated in Law Number 14 of 2008.