Discrepancies in Indonesia's Poverty Figures from the World Bank and BPS

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Adi Ahdiat 10/06/2025 17:00 WIB

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According to the World Bank's upper-middle-income country standard, the number of poor people in Indonesia in 2024 reached 193 million. However, using the BPS standard, the number is only 24 million.

Indonesia's Poverty Rate According to the World Bank and BPS (2024)

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Discrepancies in Indonesia's Poverty Figures from the World Bank and BPS

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Indonesia's Poverty Rate According to the World Bank and BPS (2024)

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In June 2025, the World Bank established a new poverty standard for upper-middle-income countries of $8.30 based on purchasing power parity (PPP).

This means that in upper-middle-income countries, individuals with expenditures of less than $8.30 PPP per person per day are classified as poor.

Converting this using the assumed 2024 exchange rate of $1 PPP = Rp5,993.03, the poor in upper-middle-income countries have expenditures of less than Rp49,700 per person per day, or less than Rp1.49 million per person per month.

Based on this standard, the number of poor people in Indonesia in 2024 reached 193.49 million, equivalent to 68.25% of the total national population.

This figure differs from the data of Indonesia's Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), which uses a national poverty line of Rp595,200 per person per month in September 2024.

Using the BPS standard, the number of Indonesians classified as poor in September 2024 was only 24.06 million, equivalent to 8.57% of the total national population.

"The difference arises from the different poverty line standards used and for different purposes," said BPS in a press release (May 2, 2025).

"Although Indonesia is currently classified as an upper-middle-income country, it should be noted that Indonesia has only recently been upgraded to this category. Therefore, if the World Bank's global poverty standard is applied, it will result in a considerably high number of poor people," they said.

Editor : Adi Ahdiat

"Disclosure: This is an AI-generated translation of the original article. We strive for accuracy, but please note that automated translations may contain errors or slight inconsistencies."