Most of Papua's population is Christian.

The Directorate General of Population and Civil Registration (Dukcapil) of the Ministry of Home Affairs reported that the population of Papua in June 2021 was 4.31 million. Of this number, 2.99 million (69.54%) were Christian.

Catholicism was the second largest religion in Papua, with 676,710 people (15.71%), followed by Islam, with 627,780 people (14.57%). The remaining population adhered to other religions, including 3,140 (0.07%) Hindu, 2,080 (0.05%) Buddhist, 80 (0.00%) Confucians, and 2,860 (0.07%) who followed indigenous beliefs.

By gender, 2.3 million (53.13%) of the population in Papua were male, and 2.01 million (46.87%) were female.

Based on marital status, 2.43 million (56.38%) were married, 1.8 million (41.75%) were unmarried, 61,400 (1.42%) were widowed, and 19,320 (0.45%) were divorced.

Papua is a province located in eastern Indonesia, covering an area of 319,036 square kilometers with a population density of only 14 people per square kilometer. This region, one of the world's largest gold producers, is administratively divided into 28 regencies and 1 city, comprising 560 districts, 5,379 villages, and 110 urban villages.