Data from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency (BPS) shows that 4.59% of toddlers in Indonesia were neglected in 2021.
Meanwhile, 15.66% were nearly neglected, and 79.75% were not neglected.
Neglect is defined as when parents fail to fulfill their obligations, thus unable to meet their child's needs adequately, physically, mentally, and socially.
Based on the parents' presence among the 4.59% who were neglected, BPS states that the majority lacked both biological parents (52.12%).
"This figure is significantly high compared to toddlers with at least one biological parent," stated BPS in their 2023 Early Childhood Profile report.
Of those neglected, 4.6% had both biological parents, 3.4% lacked a biological father, 2.96% lacked a biological mother, and 3.11% had unknown parental whereabouts.
BPS adds that young children are a vulnerable group, especially those in impoverished households. They experience double vulnerability that can limit toddlers' access to social and economic needs.
Citing research by Adioetomo et al., BPS notes that children's growth is hindered if born in slum environments.
"Therefore, children living below the poverty line require special protection," writes BPS.
(Also read: More Female Toddlers Received Inadequate Care in 2021)