Top 10 Cities with the Worst Air Pollution in 2023: South Tangerang Takes the Lead

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Cindy Mutia Annur 17/01/2024 17:03 WIB

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According to air quality monitoring app Nafas, Tangerang Selatan (Tangsel) had the worst air pollution in Indonesia throughout 2023.

Top 10 Indonesian Cities with the Highest PM2.5 Air Pollution (2023)

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Top 10 Cities with the Worst Air Pollution in 2023: South Tangerang Takes the Lead

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Top 10 Indonesian Cities with the Highest PM2.5 Air Pollution (2023)

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The air quality monitoring application, Nafas, released its annual report on Indonesian air quality on Monday (January 15, 2024).

According to the report, South Tangerang (Tangsel) was the city with the worst national air pollution throughout 2023.

Nafas measured air quality based on particulate matter (PM) 2.5 pollution levels. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the safe limit for pollution is a maximum of 5 micrograms per cubic meter (m³).

However, throughout 2023, the average concentration of PM 2.5 in Tangsel reached 48 micrograms per m³, approximately nine times the WHO safe limit.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) has established an air quality index as follows:

* PM 2.5 pollution between 0–12 micrograms per m³: good air quality
* PM 2.5 pollution between 12.1–35.4 micrograms per m³: moderate
* PM 2.5 pollution between 35.5–55.4 micrograms per m³: unhealthy for sensitive groups
* PM 2.5 pollution between 55.5–150.4 micrograms per m³: unhealthy
* PM 2.5 pollution between 150.5–250.4 micrograms per m³: very unhealthy
* PM 2.5 pollution over 250.4 micrograms per m³: hazardous

Referring to this index, PM 2.5 pollution in Tangsel, reaching 48 micrograms per m³, is categorized as unhealthy for sensitive groups.

Tangsel's air pollution levels are also about three times higher than Indonesia's National Ambient Air Quality Standard (Baku Mutu Udara Ambien Nasional), which is 15 micrograms per m³.

According to Nafas, Tangsel's air pollution is inseparable from the significant amount of pollution originating from surrounding areas (transboundary pollution).

Nafas also assessed that the presence of highlands in the southwest of Tangsel, which restrict wind movement, contributes to the accumulation of air pollution in the area.

Besides Tangsel, nine other cities had high pollution levels nationally.

The following is a complete list of the 10 cities with the highest PM 2.5 air pollution levels throughout 2023, according to the Nafas report:

1. South Tangerang (Tangsel): 48 micrograms per m³ (unhealthy for sensitive groups)
2. Greater Bandung: 44 micrograms per m³ (unhealthy for sensitive groups)
3. Tangerang: 43 micrograms per m³ (unhealthy for sensitive groups)
4. Bogor: 43 micrograms per m³ (unhealthy for sensitive groups)
5. Bekasi: 42 micrograms per m³ (unhealthy for sensitive groups)
6. Depok: 42 micrograms per m³ (unhealthy for sensitive groups)
7. Jakarta: 38 micrograms per m³ (unhealthy for sensitive groups)
8. Semarang: 37 micrograms per m³ (unhealthy for sensitive groups)
9. Greater Surabaya: 37 micrograms per m³ (unhealthy for sensitive groups)
10. Greater Malang: 33 micrograms per m³ (moderate)

Editor : Adi Ahdiat

"Disclosure: This is an AI-generated translation of the original article. We strive for accuracy, but please note that automated translations may contain errors or slight inconsistencies."

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Top 10 Cities with the Worst Air Pollution in 2023: South Tangerang Takes the Lead

Top 10 Cities with the Worst Air Pollution in 2023: South Tangerang Takes the Lead

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