According to a report by the Commission for Missing Persons and Victims of Violence (Kontras), there were 45 extrajudicial killings in Indonesia between December 2023 and November 2024.
Extrajudicial killing refers to a situation where someone in an official capacity, such as a state official, arbitrarily murders a civilian.
Kontras' Deputy Coordinator, Andi Muhammad Rezaldy, stated that the majority of perpetrators this year were police officers.
"In terms of the actors, the highest number of extrajudicial killing violations were committed by the police force, with 34 incidents, and the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) with 11 incidents," said Andi at a press conference on Friday, December 6, 2024.
These 45 extrajudicial killings between December 2023 and November 2024 resulted in 47 victims. The majority of victims (6) were in North Sumatra.
This was followed by Central Papua with 5 victims, Riau with 4 victims, and Aceh and West Java with 3 victims each. Other provinces had between 1 and 2 victims, as shown in the graph.
Based on background, 27 victims of extrajudicial killings were criminal suspects, and 20 were non-criminal victims.
Some examples of extrajudicial killing cases advocated by Kontras include the killings of three minors: Mikael Histon Sitanggang in Deli Serdang, Afif Maulana in Padang, and Gamma Rizkynata Oktafandy in Semarang.
Mikael was reportedly involved in a brawl before being killed by a TNI member. However, Kontras argues that even if Mikael was involved in a brawl, the TNI had no authority to handle it, let alone cause a fatality.
Similar patterns occurred in the cases of Afif and Gamma. Afif was allegedly involved in a brawl before being killed, while Gamma was shot by a police officer who claimed to be securing a brawl. However, several local residents stated that there was no brawl at the scene.
"The events experienced by Mikael, Afif, and Gamma show that officials sometimes seek various justifications or rationalizations for the acts of killing they commit," wrote Kontras in their *Human Rights Day Notes 2024*.
"The victims were framed as 'delinquent' children who could apparently be arbitrarily shot by officials until they died," it continued.