Jakarta's air quality on Sunday, October 1st, 2023, at 7:00 PM WIB was monitored at an unhealthy level, with PM2.5 concentration 4.5 times the WHO's safe standard limit.
According to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry's (KLHK) Air Pollutant Standard Index (ISPU) page, Jakarta's average air quality index was 110, with an average PM2.5 concentration of 67.1 µg/m³ (micrograms per cubic meter) at 7:00 PM WIB.
According to WHO standards, good air quality has an average 24-hour PM2.5 concentration range between 0 and 15 µg/m³.
The lowest PM2.5 concentration in Jakarta's air was 19.5 µg/m³ at 4:00 PM WIB, while the highest PM2.5 concentration was at 11:00 AM WIB with a value of 73.1 µg/m³.
Quoting the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) website, PM2.5 are small airborne particles measuring 2.5 microns or about 3% of the diameter of a human hair.
Sources of PM2.5 include emissions from the combustion of gasoline, oil, wood, and other fuels. Long-term effects of PM2.5 exposure on the human body include premature death, chronic heart and lung diseases, and reduced lung function in children.
For information, BMKG categorizes PM2.5 air pollution levels as follows:
* Good: 0 - 15.5 µg/m³
* Moderate: 15.6 - 55.4 µg/m³
* Unhealthy: 55.5 - 150.4 µg/m³
* Very Unhealthy: 150.5 - 250.4 µg/m³
* Hazardous: >250.5 µg/m³