Two Million Families Affected by Agrarian Conflicts Since 2009

Between 2009 and 2022, at least 4,107 agrarian conflict cases occurred in Indonesia, affecting approximately 2.25 million households.

Databoks compiled these figures from a series of year-end reports by the Agrarian Reform Consortium (KPA), regularly released since 2009.

The KPA obtained agrarian conflict data from several sources:

* Victims reporting agrarian conflicts to the KPA, either directly or through intermediaries;
* Collection of agrarian data from regions;
* Field investigations; and
* Monitoring of mass media coverage.

With these relatively limited sources, the KPA data represents a "minimum figure" of the total agrarian conflicts that actually occurred in Indonesia.

The KPA only recorded cases of "structural agrarian conflict," namely land conflicts caused by public officials' policies, resulting in the threat and/or deprivation of the constitutional rights of the community to agrarian resources.

This data does not include ordinary land disputes, such as inheritance disputes, land disputes between companies, and so on.

Based on this method, between 2009 and 2022, the highest number of agrarian conflicts was recorded during President Jokowi's administration, with 659 cases in 2017.

This high number of cases was accompanied by a high number of victims. In 2017, 652,000 households were affected by agrarian conflicts.

The 2017 agrarian conflicts also resulted in 13 deaths, 6 people shot, 369 people detained/criminalized, and 612 people becoming victims of violence.

According to the KPA, the majority of agrarian conflict cases in 2017 were related to the plantation sector, especially for palm oil commodities, followed by the property and infrastructure sectors.