Agrarian Conflict Cases Increase in 2024

According to a report by the Agrarian Reform Consortium (KPA), at least 295 agrarian conflicts occurred in Indonesia throughout 2024.

These conflicts involved an area of 1.1 million hectares and affected 67,400 families in 349 villages.

Agrarian conflict cases in 2024 increased compared to 2023, both in terms of the number of cases and the area of conflict, as shown in the graph.

"Throughout the second term of Joko Widodo's presidency, the eruption of agrarian conflicts has consistently increased, especially after the Covid-19 pandemic that swept Indonesia and the world," stated the KPA in its *2024 Year-End Report*.

"This situation is certainly an anomaly compared to his political promises regarding the agenda for resolving agrarian conflicts and land redistribution. More community land has been seized for various development projects than land has been redistributed and rights recognized for the people," it continued.

The KPA found that in 2024, most agrarian conflicts were related to the plantation sector, namely 111 cases.

This was followed by conflicts related to infrastructure projects (79 cases), mining (41 cases), and property (25 cases).

There were also 25 cases of agrarian conflict related to the forestry sector. "Although numerically fewer than other sectors, the area of agrarian conflict resulting from claims of forest areas by the government and private entities was the largest, reaching 379,588.75 hectares," said the KPA.

The KPA obtained this data from several sources, namely:

* Complaints from agrarian conflict victims;
* Results of investigations and field studies;
* Results of monitoring media reports; and
* Results of handling and emergency response to agrarian conflicts at the National Agrarian Reform Committee (KNPA).

With limited organizational resources, the data collected by the KPA may not represent all agrarian conflicts in Indonesia.

The KPA also only recorded cases of "structural agrarian conflict," namely land conflicts caused by public officials' policies, involving large-scale land, and a large number of victims.

This data does not include ordinary land conflicts, such as individual land disputes, inheritance disputes, land disputes between private groups, between government institutions/agencies, and so on.