Indonesia's Gross National Income (GNI) per Capita 2014-2023

According to World Bank data, Indonesia's Gross National Income (GNI) per capita reached US$4,810 in 2023, growing approximately 6% year-on-year (YoY).

This growth is the lowest since the Covid-19 pandemic. At the beginning of the pandemic in 2020, Indonesia's GNI per capita shrank by 4.18% (YoY). Then, in 2021, it grew by 6.92% (YoY), and in 2022 by 9.8% (YoY), as detailed in the graph.

In the National Long-Term Development Plan (RPJPN) 2025-2045, the government aims for Indonesia to become a country with per capita income equivalent to that of developed countries, namely around US$30,300 per capita.

This projection is based on the assumption that the manufacturing sector will contribute 28% and the maritime sector 15% to the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

However, as of 2023, Indonesia's GNI per capita remains near the lower bound of upper-middle-income countries, which is set between US$4,516 and US$14,005 per capita.

This indicates that Indonesia faces significant challenges in becoming a high-income or developed country.

The following details the Gross National Income (GNI) per capita income groups based on the World Bank's 2024 classification:

* Low-income countries: US$1,145 per capita or less
* Lower-middle-income countries: US$1,146–US$4,515 per capita
* Upper-middle-income countries: US$4,516–US$14,005 per capita
* High-income countries: above US$14,005 per capita