The World Bank estimates that 241.1 million people were living in extreme poverty in 2023.

The International Labour Organization (ILO) categorizes poor workers into two levels: extreme poor workers and moderately poor workers.

Extreme poor workers were estimated to reach 241.1 million in 2023. This is an increase from 240.1 million in 2022.

The number of extreme poor workers once reached 248 million in 2020, precisely when COVID-19 was spreading and activities were restricted. This was the highest number in the last four years.

Meanwhile, moderately poor workers are predicted to reach 423.4 million in 2023. This figure also increased significantly from 414.9 million in 2022.

The ILO calculated that extreme poor workers in Indonesia accounted for 6% of the low-economic class workers in 2023. Moderately poor workers accounted for 30%, and those near poverty accounted for 65%.

These calculations are based on the share of employment by economic class in 2023. The lowest economic class is defined based on the World Bank's poverty line with a purchasing power of US$2.15 per capita per day.

The ILO defines poor workers as those who work and live in households below the poverty line.

The data processed by the ILO focuses on poverty in low-income, lower-middle-income, and upper-middle-income countries. There is no data for high-income countries.

The ILO states that while poverty in developed countries is often associated with unemployment, extreme poverty in most developing countries is predominantly a problem of workers in those countries.

For these poor workers, the problem usually lies in the quality of work. Therefore, the ILO says that efforts to reduce poverty in line with the SDGs require improved job opportunities and income for poor workers.

"These are people who work but are unable to lift themselves and their families out of poverty," said the ILO in its report.